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How to Calculate Gravel
Gravel is typically sold by the ton (bulk delivery) or in bags for smaller projects. Accurate measurement prevents over-ordering and saves money.
Basic Formula
Step by Step
- Measure the area: Length × width in feet
- Choose your depth: 2–4 inches is standard
- Calculate cubic yards: (Area × depth in inches) ÷ 324
- Convert to tons: Cubic yards × density (typically 1.35–1.5 tons/cu yd)
Gravel Types Compared
- Pea Gravel: Smooth, rounded stones ¼"–½". Great for patios, pathways, and drainage. ~1.4 tons/cu yd.
- Crushed Stone: Angular edges, packs tightly. Best for driveways and base material. ~1.4 tons/cu yd.
- River Rock: Smooth, 1"–3" stones. Decorative for landscaping and dry creek beds. ~1.35 tons/cu yd.
- Decomposed Granite: Fine, sandy texture. Natural-looking for pathways and xeriscaping. ~1.5 tons/cu yd.
Recommended Gravel Depth by Project
- Driveways: 4–6 inches (use crushed stone for compaction) — try our Gravel Driveway Calculator
- Walkways: 2–3 inches of pea gravel or decomposed granite
- Landscape beds: 2–3 inches of decorative stone
- Drainage areas: 6–12 inches of washed gravel
- Under pavers: 4 inches of crushed stone base
For driveways, use a compactable base layer (crushed stone) topped with a decorative layer. This creates a stable surface that doesn't shift.
Frequently Asked Questions
How deep should gravel be for a driveway?
A residential driveway needs 4–6 inches of compacted gravel. Use 4 inches of crushed stone base topped with 2 inches of decorative gravel. For heavy vehicles, go up to 8 inches.
How many tons of gravel per cubic yard?
Most gravel types weigh 1.35–1.5 tons per cubic yard. Crushed stone and pea gravel average about 1.4 tons/cu yd. Decomposed granite is slightly heavier at ~1.5 tons/cu yd.
Is bulk gravel cheaper than bagged?
Yes, significantly. Bulk gravel typically costs $20–50 per ton delivered, while bagged gravel costs $3–5 per 0.5 cu ft bag — roughly 3–4× more per cubic yard. For projects over 1 cubic yard, bulk is usually more economical.
Do I need landscape fabric under gravel?
For most landscaping projects, yes. Landscape fabric prevents weeds from growing through the gravel and keeps it from sinking into the soil. Skip it only for drainage applications where you want water to flow freely.